Undescended Testis

Everything on Undescended Testis in one place — guides for parents, the clinician series and evidence notes.

For parents

Cryptorchidism · Infancy

Undescended testis: does it need surgery before age one?

The window for spontaneous descent, and the surgical timing recommended by current international guidelines.

For clinicians

Written for healthcare professionals; a one-time confirmation appears on first visit.

Cryptorchidism · Part 1

The Shifting View of Pathogenesis and Prognosis

From hormonal theory to structural theory, and the real prognosis by paternity rate — unilateral vs. bilateral.

Cryptorchidism · Part 2

Surgical Treatment Choices by Position and Situation

Approach selection, laparoscopy indications, atrophy rates in single- vs. two-stage surgery, diagnostic laparoscopy, and the Shehata technique.

Cryptorchidism · Part 3

Gubernaculum-Sparing Fowler–Stephens Orchiopexy — Does It Reduce Atrophy?

Arterial and venous anatomy, collaterals after ligation, the sparing technique, and what comparative and randomised studies show.

Evidence notes

Cryptorchidism · Guideline Notes

Undescended Testis: Guideline Analysis and the Pathophysiology of Surgical Timing

AUA vs EAU/ESPU compared item by item, the real-world clinical workflow, and the pathophysiological basis for the "6 to 18 months" window.

For medical professionals

This section contains academic material for medical students, residents, and clinicians — including surgical detail and technical terminology. Continue?