Grassi Lakes, Canmore
Vesicoureteral Reflux
Everything on Vesicoureteral Reflux in one place — guides for parents, the clinician series and evidence notes.
Grassi Lakes, Canmore
Everything on Vesicoureteral Reflux in one place — guides for parents, the clinician series and evidence notes.
The anti-reflux path the ureter takes through the bladder wall, connections that form differently before birth and Hutch diverticula, whether siblings should be tested, and whether it improves with growth.
Is it the reflux or the infection? Kidneys formed differently from the start versus scars after infection, how to read a scan taken just after an infection, and what is checked once reflux has gone.
The renal ultrasound that comes first, when a reflux test (VCUG) is recommended and how national rules differ, what the test involves, and what matters if you do not test.
Written for healthcare professionals; a one-time confirmation appears on first visit.
Where the ureteric bud arises sets the orifice, the tunnel and the kidney all at once. Paquin's 5:1, and the two routes to renal damage.
Resolution is not the crossing of a single number. Rates by grade, the grading variability shown by RIVUR, and the ureteral diameter ratio that complements grade.
How papillary shape alters intrarenal reflux, the balance between clearing bacteria and injuring tissue, scars that mature after microbiological cure, and the risk a second febrile infection changes.
The long-term course of congenital hypodysplasia and post-infectious scarring: compensation and hyperfiltration, split function versus total GFR, trends in proteinuria, blood pressure and puberty, and follow-up after reflux resolves.
Whom to send for VCUG after a first febrile UTI: selection criteria in EAU/ESPU, NICE and AAP 2026, atypical infection, top-down imaging and sibling screening.
The EAU/ESPU risk table and AUA and AAP risk definitions. Has the stratification been validated, and when do reflux and kidney follow-up end?
RIVUR, Swedish, PRIVENT and PREDICT read by population and outcome. Recurrent infection and renal scarring are different results, and the evidence on when to stop is thin.
Criteria for moving to surgery, endoscopic injection versus reimplantation, open surgery as the reference against robotic repair, and how surgical success is judged.